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A Numerical Study on the Ballistic Trauma of B4C ceramic backed UHMWPE Composite Armor System

Ashish Mishra Ashish Joshi

Ashish Mishraa,*, Ashish Joshib

aDepartment of Aerospace Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, India.

bDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, UPES, Dehradun, 248007, India.

*ashish.v2110@gmail.com

Abstract

A ceramic-based armor system is required to stop bullet penetration and effectively dissipate high-impact energy. Exceeding the threshold value of behind-armor ballistic/blunt trauma (BABT), which denotes the momentum transferred to the human body, can lead to grave harm or fatality to the wearer, irrespective of whether the target is penetrated. This research delves into the ballistic response of body armor comprising a boron carbide (B4C) plate supported by a unidirectional ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UD-UHMWPE) fiber composite. The armor is subjected to kinetic energy resulting from a hard steel projectile impacted with velocity of 800 m/s. A gelatin block serves as a surrogate model to replicate the human torso. The numerical analysis of three-dimensional nonlinear deformations of ceramic-composite armor system is performed using ASNSYS/AUTODYN® software, employing the full integration rule to compute the Lagrangian elemental matrices. The study evaluates the mechanism of deformation of the ceramic integrated composite target, where the gelatin block demonstrates a maximum cavity depth of 21.65 mm. Additionally, the calculation includes the impact pressure resulting from momentum transfer to human tissue, with a maximum pressure of 15.2 MPa detected near the cavity area and gradually diminishing towards the back surface of the gelatin block. This analysis enables the assessment of body injury extent caused by impact, considering the depth of temporary cavity and peak pressure formed in the gelatin block.